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Male Infertility Testing And Morphology Problems

When a couple fails to conceive within a year of normal-frequency, unprotected sex, infertility is suspected. Both male and female are to be tested as a male problem is the cause in 50 percent of infertility cases. One of the first tests done is a semen analysis to check the quality of the semen and the sperm.

Following the recommendation of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, most doctors and laboratories will conduct two tests on separate days. The ejaculate is released by masturbation and collected in a sterile container where it must be investigated within thirty minutes of collection.

The elements examined are:

• Appearance -- whether the ejaculate is gray-opalescent and homogeneous
• Total sperm count -- at least 40 million/ejaculate
• Concentration -- should be 20 million/ml
• Progressive motility – at least 25 percent the total number of sperm
• Motility -- 50 percent of sperm should be mobile
• Volume -- should be 2 ml at minimum
• Liquefaction -- should convert to a liquid in 60 minutes
• Consistency -- should not be too thick
• Morphology -- the overall structure where at least 14 percent of sperm should be normal in appearance

Morphology refers to percentage of sperm that move forward in a progressive manner, which is critical to fertility in a male. In a normal sperm sample, some sperm will remain static while others will move extremely slowly. These are unlikely to fertilize an egg. Morphology also refers to the size and shape of the sperm. Typical sperm has a long tail and an oval head. If the sperm does not conform, it could be due to a number of reasons, the most common of which are:

• Congenital abnormalities
• High fever
• Usage of illicit drugs
• Enlarged veins in the scrotum
• Other infections

          Pregnancy is still possible with sub-standard morphology, but may require intrauterine insemination or in-vitro fertilization.

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